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A Letter to My Nephew (excerpt)

By James Baldwin
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I know what the world has done to my brother and how narrowly he has survived it. And I know, which is much worse, and this is the crime of which I accuse my country and my countrymen, and for which neither I nor time nor history will ever forgive them, that they have destroyed and are destroying hundreds of thousands of lives and do not know it and do not want to know it.

One can be — indeed, one must strive to become — tough and philosophical concerning destruction and death, for this is what most of mankind has been best at since we have heard of man. But it is not permissible that the authors of devastation should also be innocent. It is the innocence which constitutes the crime.

You, don't be like that. This innocent country set you down in a ghetto in which, in fact, it intended that you should perish. Let me spell out precisely what I mean by that, for the heart of the matter is here, and the crux of my dispute with my country. You were born where you were born and faced the future that you faced because you were Black and for no other reason.

Comprehension Quiz

Check your understanding

1. Baldwin argues that the true crime of his country is:
2. The rhetorical effect of the phrase 'this innocent country' is:
3. Baldwin's appeal in this letter relies most heavily on: